Teaching claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing can improve a students opinion or argumentative essay. This post will explain how I teach claims, counterclaims and rebuttals in writing.

A counterclaim is a claim used to rebut a previous claim. A claim is the main argument.

A rebuttal is when you address and challenge a claim by disapproving it. After you have stated your counterclaim in an argument, you add your rebuttal to why you disapprove it.

A reason tells why a claim is made. Followed by supporting evidence.

What to Prepare in advance: ***Click on the Anchor Chart images to find more anchor charts you can use in your classroom.

When modeling, show students examples of inserting a counterclaim inside a body paragraph following reasons and evidence. When modeling, show students examples of inserting a rebuttal following a counterclaim inside a body paragraph.

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The whole purpose of writing an argumentative essay is to try and persuade or convince someone to believe what you are writing. Any and every argumentative essay should have a claim.

There is a counterclaim in every argumentative essay, and the counterclaim is a kind of claim that you believe someone else may make.The last piece to the argumentative essay is the reaffirmation, which comes right after disproving the counter claim.

D) Transition to the next paragraph3) Body Paragraph Number 2 A) Make sure this is topic number 2 from your thesis statement B) Write down some evidence C) Elaborate or Explain that evidence in depth If you do not elaborate or explain then you are just summarizing. Remember that you are like a lawyer building up evidence.

Remember that you are like a lawyer building up evidence. D)Transition to the next paragraph5) Conclusion Paragraph A) Restate your thesis statement a little differently B) Hit the reader with your counterclaim C) Argue the counter claim a little and point out why it is inaccurate D) Then reaffirm your claim as the better claim and why your argument is important i) This is where you give the KNOCKOUT PUNCH.

E) Leave the reader with a good impression or something you learned about yourself.

Opinion/Argument Writing Checklist. The Opinion (4th Grade) Argument (5th Grade) checklist below can help the writer​make sure that he/she are writing an argumentative essay.

BELOW IS AN ANNOTATED EXAMPLEOF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY ABOUT WHITE MILK. This argumentative essay was written on why white milk is a better choice at school when compared to chocolate milk.

BELOW IS AN ANNOTATED EXAMPLE ​OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY ABOUT LOUIS ZAMPERINI’S OPTIMISM. This Argumentative Essay was written on the character of Louis Zamperini, in the book, Unbroken, by Laura Hillenbrand.

Below is a short story by Langston Hughes and is titled, “Thank You, Ma’am.” This is a great story and what follows is an example of an argumentative essay in which I try to establish Ma’am’s best quality is her ability to love others.

In this 6-Paragraph Argumentative Essay, I write it a little differently. I write that her best quality is her ability to love and then I show how in the short story she loved Roger in three different ways, respectively 3 of the 4 body paragraphs.

..with barbells.

Steps to build a STRONG ARGUMENT Paragraph:1 – State YOUR CLAIM, the controversy, and end with your thesis—It should list and explain the reasons for your choice.2 – Explain your first REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.3 – Explain your second REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.4 – Present the COUNTERCLAIM What other positions do people take on this subject.

5– CONCLUSION Make a final point which tells the reader what to think or do. Why should the reader agree with your CLAIM.

Steps to build a STRONG ARGUMENT Paragraph:1 – State YOUR CLAIM, the controversy, and end with your thesis—It should list and explain the reasons for your choice.2 – Explain your first REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.3 – Explain your second REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.4 – Present the COUNTERCLAIM What other positions do people take on this subject.

5– CONCLUSION Make a final point which tells the reader what to think or do. Why should the reader agree with your CLAIM.

Steps to build a STRONG ARGUMENT Paragraph:1 – State YOUR CLAIM, the controversy, and end with your thesis—It should list and explain the reasons for your choice.2 – Explain your first REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.3 – Explain your second REASON along with EVIDENCE of why your audience should agree with your thesis.4 – Present the COUNTERCLAIM What other positions do people take on this subject.

5– CONCLUSION Make a final point which tells the reader what to think or do. Why should the reader agree with your CLAIM.

Distinguishing between Thesis (Claim) and Reasons or Sub-ClaimsAn effective argument contains a thesis, supporting claims, evidence, and reasons to support those claims.The thesis is the writer’s central argument, or claim, and the supporting claims, or sub-claims, reinforce the validity of the thesis.

being able to recognize the difference between the two will prove incredibly useful when composing your own thesis-driven essay.As you may know, a writer’s thesis articulates the direction he or she will take with his or her argument.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A. Smoking should be banned on campus because of the health repercussions.​B.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A. Smoking should be banned on campus because of the health repercussions.​B.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A. Smoking should be banned on campus because of the health repercussions.​B.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A. Smoking should be banned on campus because of the health repercussions.​B.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I. I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A.

Smoking affects students with allergies.2. Smoking affects students suffering from asthma.B.

The cigarette butts are harming animals on campus.2. The cigarette ash is killing the grass in the campus green areas.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I. I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A.

Smoking affects students with allergies.2. Smoking affects students suffering from asthma.B.

The cigarette butts are harming animals on campus.2. The cigarette ash is killing the grass in the campus green areas.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I. I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A.

Smoking affects students with allergies.2. Smoking affects students suffering from asthma.B.

The cigarette butts are harming animals on campus.2. The cigarette ash is killing the grass in the campus green areas.

This diagram translates into the following organizational plan:I. I argue that smoking should be banned on campus.A.

Smoking affects students with allergies.2. Smoking affects students suffering from asthma.B.

The cigarette butts are harming animals on campus.2. The cigarette ash is killing the grass in the campus green areas.

These are statements that reinforce the validity of the main points.Think about it this way: every time a writer presents a claim, the reader likely asks,“What support do you have for that claim. ”So, when the writer argues, “Smoking should be banned on campus,” the reader asks,“What support do you have for that claim.

” the writer can say,“Well, smoking negatively affects students suffering from asthma as well as those who have allergies, and the pollution caused by cigarettes is harming animals and killing the grass.”Each major claim bolsters the writer’s thesis, and each sub-claim bolsters one of the writer’s major claims.

Then, the writer includes EVIDENCE to support their SUB-CLAIM.For instance, if I assert that “smoking affects students with allergies,”the reader would ask, “What support do you have for that claim.

Then, the writer includes EVIDENCE to support their SUB-CLAIM.For instance, if I assert that “smoking affects students with allergies,”the reader would ask, “What support do you have for that claim.

1 How to Write a Counterclaim Paragraph. 2 Part 1 Read the ParagraphIn an argumentative paper, after the body paragraphs is a paragraph called the counterclaim paragraph.

The first sentence in a counterclaim paragraph is the counterclaim sentence. This sentence states one opposing reason to the author’s claim.

This sentence states one reason why the opposing point of view is wrong or not strong. The third part of the counterclaim paragraph is the rebuttal evidence.The rebuttal evidence supports the rebuttal sentence by providing a quote or passage from the text.

The rebuttal elaboration explains why the rebuttal evidence is important.

After the body paragraphs What is the purpose of a counterclaim paragraph. Address the opposite side of the argument and explain why that point of view is wrong What is the first sentence in a counterclaim paragraph and what does it do.

This sentence states one reason why people oppose the author’s claim. What is the second sentence in a counterclaim paragraph and what does it do.

This sentence states one reason the opposite side is wrong or not strong.

Rebuttal evidence. The rebuttal evidence supports the rebuttal sentence by providing a quote or passage from the text.

Rebuttal elaboration. The rebuttal elaboration explains why the rebuttal evidence is important.

What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day. For example, Sunset Ridge Middle School, a middle school in West Jordan, Utah, has at least seven five-minute breaks during the seven-hour school day.

If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break. it was their fault they didn’t go.

6 (Counterclaim Sentence) (Rebuttal Elaboration)What is a problem with your opinion that would cause someone to argue against you based off one of the articles you read. (Counterclaim Sentence) What is a solution to this problem based on one of the articles you read.

(Rebuttal Evidence) Why would your solution solve the problem. (Rebuttal Elaboration) Water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom.

Quote: “Sunset Ridge Middle School, a middle school in West Jordan, Utah, has at least seven five-minute breaks during the seven-hour school day.” What is the title of the article where you read this solution. “Sunset Ridge Middle School: A School to Watch” by Ima Falcon Students could use the bathroom during those times if necessary.

it was their fault they didn’t go.

COUNTERCLAIM If students start bringing water bottles to class, they might have to go leave to the bathroom more often.

9 Water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom.Many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day. Quote: “Sunset Ridge Middle School, a middle school in West Jordan, Utah, has at least seven five-minute breaks during the seven-hour school day.” What is the title of the article where you read this solution.

If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break. it was their fault they didn’t go.

Rebuttal Sentence: State what your quote means in one sentence (like a topic sentence). Rebuttal Elaboration: How does the point you made with your quote solve or disprove your counterclaim sentence.

10 Counterclaim ParagraphWater bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom. Many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day.

“Sunset Ridge Middle School: A School to Watch” by Ima Falcon Students could use the bathroom during those times if necessary. If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break.

Counterclaim Paragraph While there are many positive effects of including water bottles in the classroom, some people may argue that water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom. What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day.

If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break. it was their fault they didn’t go.

11 Counterclaim sentence: states the opposing claim and a supporting reasonWhile there are many positive effects of including water bottles in the classroom, some people may argue that water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom. What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day.

Students could use the bathroom during those times if necessary. If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break.

12 Counterclaim sentence – states one reason from the opposite sideWhile there are many positive effects of including water bottles in the classroom, some people may argue that water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom.

13 Rebuttal sentence: reason stating why the counterclaim is weakWhile there are many positive effects of including water bottles in the classroom, some people may argue that water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom. What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day.

Students could use the bathroom during those times if necessary. If a student does not go during those times, they must wait until the next break.

14 Rebuttal sentence What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day. Rebuttal evidence – supports the rebuttal sentence For example at Sunset Ridge Middle School, a middle school in West Jordan, Utah, has at least seven five-minute breaks during the seven-hour school day.

15 Rebuttal Evidence: evidence supporting the reason for why the counterclaim is weakWhile there are many positive effects of including water bottles in the classroom, some people may argue that water bottles will lead to more students leaving class for the bathroom. What these people do not take into account, however, is the fact that many schools have scheduled breaks during the school day.

1 Argumentative Essay Planning Claims and Counterclaims’Mom, I really need a new cell phone. ‘ If you’ve ever said this or something like it, you’ve made a claim.

In a formal paper, you might say something like, ‘It is necessary for me to obtain a new cell phone.’ Claims are not just opinions. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research.

You’re going to need to support your claim to get rid of that crummy, old, obsolete phone that’s holding you back.

In your argument for a new cell phone, your Mom stands on the other side. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, ‘No, you don’t.’ That’s your mom’s counterclaim.

In a more formal way, she might say, ‘Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.’ Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. Not just, ‘Because I said so.’ When you’re planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence.

3 Argumentative Essay PlanningReasons and Evidence After your mom’s counterclaim, she’ll probably ask, ‘Why is that you think you need a new cell phone. ‘ Then it’s time for the reasons you’ve prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she’ll ask.

A reason tells why. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument.

In an argument, your ‘My cell phone doesn’t have Internet access,’ would need to be beefed up a little, to, ‘My current cell phone doesn’t provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.’ That is provable, because your phone is so old it barely has texting.

‘ Then, it’s time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. You really want a new cell phone, after all.

‘93% of my friends that have Internet access on their phones have a GPA of 3.8 or above’.

Even though some may say the right Twix is delightful, it is obvious that the left side wins all tests on flavor.

1 FSA Writing Argumentative Essays English Language ArtsYour guide to a brilliant essay.

3 You’ve got the writing prompt in front of you. SurpriseYou’ve got the writing prompt in front of you.

It’s an argumentative essay. Easy.

What is the very first thing you should do. ATTACK THE PROMPT, my dear students.

Read the prompt and dissect its parts. What is it asking you to do.

If you are already familiar, that you can pick your side and look for support throughout the articles. If you are unfamiliar with the prompt, and have little background knowledge, than you will need to make a “Pro & Con” chart.

PRO CON. 4 Example: ATTACK the Prompt.

Use the information from the texts in the passage set to support your claim. Cite evidence by title or source number.

5 What is a Counterclaim. Counter: To make something less effective or ineffective.

Counterclaim: A statement made to rebuttal another claim thereby enabling the claim ineffective. This is an effective tool for you to use within your argumentative writing.

Your paper will be much stronger if you are able to discredit the opposition by effectively telling the reader why their position/argument is not valid. If you are able to get the readers of your essay to doubt opposing claims, you are better equipped to present and argue your own claim.

Therefore the candidate is making their argument stronger by discrediting the opposing claim. *This is a requirement for all of your argumentative essays going forward.

Think of it as academic trash-talk.

I’ve attacked the prompt. Now what.

Get out your planning sheet and draw a tic tac toe board Place your articles on your desk, next to your planning sheet Start reading. As you come across reasons you’d like to cover in your essay, jot it down in the margins of the articles As you find textual evidence you’d like to possibly use in your essay, annotate it and make a note on your tic tac toe board.

Now, you’re ready to start writing.

8 Expert on SM comm. Central Idea SM is the new: Annotations ExampleSource 1: Social Media as Community by Keith Hampton Keith Hampton is an associate professor in the School of Communication and Information at Rutgers, and a past chairman of the American Sociological Association’s section on Communication and Information Technologies.

In 2011, I was lead author of an article in Information, Communication & Society that found, based on a representative survey of 2,500 Americans, that regardless of whether the participants were married or single, those who used social media had more close confidants. The constant feed from our online social circles is the modern front porch.

Additionally, my co-authors and I, in another article published in New Media & Society, found not only that social media users knew people from a greater variety of backgrounds, but also that much of this diversity was a result of people using these technologies who simultaneously spent an impressive amount of time socializing outside of the house.

Central Idea SM is the new: 2 1 1 1 3 4 Enumerating Hampton’s arguments.

However, a loss of close friends does not mean a loss of support. Because of cellphones and social media, those we depend on are more accessible today than at any point since we lived in small, village-like settlements.

We no longer lose social ties over our lives. we have Facebook friends forever.

This is why, in “Social Networking Sites and Our Lives,” there was a clear trend for those who used these technologies to receive more social support than other people. The data backs it up.

Counter claim Negates Brashears with the key signifier, “however.” 1 5 1 6 SM has made friends stay forever. Gone are the days of rerouting your way to class to avoid someone.

Hampton ends by addressing the counterclaim to strengthen his argument. Finish annotating sources 2 & 3 with your partner.

10 Step 3: Choose claim & fill in tic tac toe board. 11 Thesis: Conclusion: Reasons Evidence Counter-Arguments/Rebuttal 1) 1)2) 1) 1) 2) 2) 1) 1) 3) 2) Conclusion:.

13 The Introduction Your introduction must provide the reader with fundamental information which includes: 1.) A general opening. 2.) A link to the prompt which signifies your understanding of what the prompt is asking you to do.

General Specific with thesis. 14 Introduction: First Sentence: Relates or echoes the thesis or topic of the essay.

Example: Think about how frequently people check their phones and how long they spend looking at it. Oftentimes, people do not even remember what is going on around them.

Example: Technology has produced a generation of over-stimulated and distracted youth who logically cannot be as efficient nor as thought provoking as their predecessors. Third Sentence: The link to the text.

In the introduction of argumentative essays, you do not need to cite the source title. Example: In the three sources provided, the authors discuss the various opinions and facts surrounding the effects of technology in our lives in regards to potential risks or benefits.

15 Continued: General Opening of Introduction ParagraphFourth Sentence: Gives background to the text/articles/sources by addressing COUNTERCLAIM. Example: While obvious benefits of this increased dependency on technology abound, what is more prevalent are the unintended consequences that this excessive use produces.

If you are not clear about what the point of your essay is, the rest of the essay will be weak and lack any support. This is the foundation upon which the entire essay is built.

Remember it is important to synthesize the information from all sources provided to you. Example: Reliance on technology is not making people smarter.

16 The Introduction ExampleThink about how frequently people check their phones and how long they spend looking at it. Oftentimes, people do not even remember what is going on around them.

In the three sources provided, the authors discuss the various opinions and facts surrounding the effects of technology in our lives in regards to potential risks or benefits. While obvious benefits of this increased dependency on technology abound, what is more prevalent are the unintended consequences that this excessive use produces.

rather it is diminishing their ability to think clearly, make lasting personal connections, and be creatively original.

When it comes to an argumentative essay, you have to consider both sides of the argument.

However, if you fail to focus on both sides of the argument, you’ll appear narrowly minded and your essay will be less effective. So to write a good argumentative essay that can convince your audience or instructor to keep reading to learn more about the issue under investigation, you should include a counterclaim in the paper.

A counterclaim is one of the elements of an argument that shows you invested your time and effort to investigate the two sides of an issue before taking your own stand on the topic. A counterclaim is simply one or more arguments that oppose the thesis statement of your argument.

Before you arrive at a counterclaim, you need to make sure your thesis explains what you claim you want to prove and how you’d like to do it.

Rather, the thesis should explicitly explain that you’ve done your research and you’re convinced that the viewpoint of the opposing side is either invalid or weak. By including a counterclaim in your essay, you create for yourself an opportunity to give a solid response to a reader’s arguments even before they finish reading the paper.

You end up with an essay that’s not only interesting to read but also one that strengthen your position. Counterclaims can be quite challenging to write.

On the one hand, you have your position to defend and you have to do so using all the evidences that you can use.

The question is, how do you consider the counterclaims without weakening your position.

The first option is to note and point out the obvious flaws in the opposing arguments. This will show that, while you recognize the opposing views, they have a weakness that your point of view is trying to address.

By identifying the obvious flaws in a counterclaim, you’ll strengthen your own point of view on the issue. The second option is where you agree with the counter argument, but you take this a step further by providing a new evidence that can either weaken or contradict the counterargument.

Again, this will go a long way to strengthen your position and convince your audience to agree with you even if the subject in question is sensitive or controversial.

It’s important to understand each before we look at how you can respond to the counter claims.

Argument Writing: IMPORTANT TERMS1. CLAIM: The writer’s stance, or overall argument.2.

DATA: Evidence (facts) that support the reasons (claim).4. JOINT: The warrant or bridge that connects data to the writer’s reasons and claim.5.

(The opposition’s stance)6. REBUTTAL: Evidence that disputes or disagrees with the counterclaim.​.

CLAIM: The writer’s stance, or overall argument.2. REASONS: Main points that use logic or reasoning to justify the writer’s claim.3.

JOINT: The warrant or bridge that connects data to the writer’s reasons and claim.5. COUNTERCLAIM: A claim that disagrees with the writer’s claim.

REBUTTAL: Evidence that disputes or disagrees with the counterclaim.​. Argument Writing: IMPORTANT TERMS1.

REASONS: Main points that use logic or reasoning to justify the writer’s claim.3. DATA: Evidence (facts) that support the reasons (claim).4.

COUNTERCLAIM: A claim that disagrees with the writer’s claim. (The opposition’s stance)6.

Argument Writing: IMPORTANT TERMS1. CLAIM: The writer’s stance, or overall argument.2.

DATA: Evidence (facts) that support the reasons (claim).4. JOINT: The warrant or bridge that connects data to the writer’s reasons and claim.5.

(The opposition’s stance)6. REBUTTAL: Evidence that disputes or disagrees with the counterclaim.​.

401 Prompts for Argumentative Learning from the NYT Learning Network. 33 Argumentative Essay Topics for Middle School.

Be open to changing your claim if the evidence is weak.Look for the REASONS the experts use to support your claim. Do they match what you anticipated.

you’ll need to address that in your essay.Keep track of your sources. You’ll need a WORKS CITED page.

Test them using this form.​. Be sure there are two sides to your topic.Has your view of your topic changes as you learn more about it.

Counterclaim & Rebuttal​. “P”= Point – Start your paragraph with a topic sentence that directly makes your POINT.

“E”= Explanation/Elaboration – EXPLAIN what the evidence says and how it supports your claim. “L” = Link – Connect your paragraph to your CLAIM ​”S”= Style – Use a formal STYLE Download a PEELS graphic organizer HERE.

Know the counterclaim: Anticipate the opposing viewpoint.Address the counterclaim: Acknowledge those who disagree.Write a rebuttal: Prove the counterclaim false or ineffective.Download the counterclaim paragraph organizer.

(Get it.

)Review the Introduction and Conclusion paragraph pages. Use them to gather and organize your thoughts.​​.

Body Paragraph Exemplars. Counterclaim Paragraph Exemplars.

Wondering about in-text citations. Check out this page at the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) Remember to credit your sources on your Works Cited page.

Arrange your sources alphabetically by author.

1 Argumentative Writing: Logical ProgressionGrade 8 Copyright © 2015 Write Score LLC. 2 Review: Elements of Argumentative WritingClaim (versus thesis) Logic (versus emotion in persuasive writing) – based on evidence Explanation of how evidence supports the claim Counterclaims.

A Claim is a statement that is always debatable. Claims are used in argumentative writing.

4 Persuasive writing Argumentative WritingA persuasive paper often relies on emotion. An argumentative paper has to rely on LOGIC.

5 Counterclaims An argumentative paper must present the opposing viewpoint (a counterclaim) Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

6 Logical Progression: the flow of ideas in the essay, particularly in the body paragraphs. 7 Argumentative Essay The BODY of an argumentative paper: Please note that the number of paragraphs is completely dependent on the content of your paper and the time/length requirements.

8 Argumentative Essay Evidence / Elaboration paragraphs –as many as you need Topic Sentence: What point will you make to get people to understand / support your claim. Introduce and State Evidence: Use signal phrases and provide evidence from the text to support your claim.

9 Argumentative Essay Elaborate on Evidence: You cannot just plug it in. You have to show how the evidence proves the point you are trying to make in this paragraph.

Concluding Sentence: End your paragraph with a concluding sentence that reasserts the claim and moves into your next point.

As opposed to grade 7, you need to present why one is better. Do not go into much detail but name a counterclaim briefly and briefly explain your reason why the counterclaim is faulty.

11 Let’s take a look at signal words/phrasesbefore we move on.

Here are a few examples The first passage states that…. The article “____________” explains how….

13 Sample #1 Assume the student sample on the following pages was written after the student read about whether or not students should be required to wear school uniforms.

Kids are learning to be more independent and to participate in more social events. Peer pressure to fit in with other kids is huge.

especially if you are someone who can’t afford to have all the things that everyone else has. Some people think it is important for kids to be able to have choice and express themselves through their clothing.

Uniforms help make schools safer for students, encourage students to focus more on their studies, and help to eliminate the “have and have nots”.

Topic Sentence. 16 Sample #1: Evidence and Elaboration ParagraphsSchool uniforms can improve student safety.

Schools” instances of crime have decreased by more than 46 percent in schools where students wear uniforms. Topic Sentence Signal Phrase Text Evidence.

According to the article, “Uniforms in U.S. Schools” instances of crime have decreased by more than 46 percent in schools where students wear uniforms.

When the threat of weapons is eliminated, assaults in school decrease. Uniforms also help keep outsiders out.

Topic Sentence Signal Phrase Text Evidence Elaboration. 18 Sample #1: Evidence and Elaboration ParagraphsTopic Sentence Signal Phrase Text Evidence Elaboration Concluding Sentence School uniforms can improve student safety.

Schools” instances of crime have decreased by more than 46 percent in schools where students wear uniforms. Uniforms prevent students from hiding weapons under their clothing because they are designed to fit correctly.

Uniforms also help keep outsiders out. When everyone is dressed the same it is easy for school officials to identify and remove intruders on campus.

19 Sample #2: Evidence and Elaboration ParagraphsTopic Sentence Signal Phrase Text Evidence Elaboration Concluding Sentence School uniforms improve student performance by helping students focus on learning rather than fashion. According to Principal James Covey, a veteran of Chicago Public Schools, stated that when “students all wear the same outfit, they become less concerned about how they fit in.

Less time is wasted in class dealing with inappropriate clothing, too. Fewer tardies and distractions mean students who wear uniforms are able to devote more time to learning.

20 Sample #2: Evidence and Elaboration ParagraphsTopic Sentence Signal Phrase Text Evidence Elaboration Concluding Sentence School uniforms improve student performance by helping students focus on learning rather than fashion. According to Principal James Covey, a veteran of Chicago Public Schools, stated that when “students all wear the same outfit, they become less concerned about how they fit in.

Less time is wasted in class dealing with inappropriate clothing, too. Fewer tardies and distractions mean students who wear uniforms are able to devote more time to learning.

21 Write two paragraphs that progress logically and support your claimWrite two paragraphs that progress logically and support your claim. Should students be required to take art classes.

22 Write a body paragraph using these elements:Topic sentence: Include a sentence with one reason that supports your claim. Introduce and State Evidence: Use a signal phrase/word and provide evidence (reasons, examples, facts, statistics, and/or quotations) from the text to support your claim.

Give more detail. Concluding Sentence: End your paragraph with a concluding sentence that wraps up this paragraph and moves into your next point.

23 Checklist for Logical Progression and Elaboration of your paper.Checklist for Logical Progression and Elaboration of your paper. Use the following questions to revise and elaborate your essay.

24 ____ What’s the most important thing I want to say about my subject____ What’s the most important thing I want to say about my subject. ____ Is my claim clearly defined (narrow) and arguable.

Is this the best place for it. ____ How many reasons did I give for my claim.

It’s important to learn and understand the different elements of an argumentative essay to navigate the writing process for the project. Understanding these elements will enable you to structure your essay well, so you can write the most significant details from start to finish.

If you’re struggling with incorporating these elements in your argument or you can’t get yourself to write the essay fast, hire an argumentative essay writer from Help for Assessment for writing assistance. Below is a detailed explanation of all the six elements of an argumentative essay:

It should be a sentence long, although some essays can have a maximum of two sentences. In argumentative writing, a statement of declaration cannot be a fact or random opinion.

Moreover, the statement should bring out point clearly, even if the subject is on a complex or controversial issue. The thesis statement should be clear, concise, and specific.

Your argument’s thesis must touch on a major warrant before you begin working on the body paragraphs.

The audience is your reader or a group of people you need to convince that your position on an issue is more viable. You must use a tentative approach with a strong conviction to get your human readers or listeners to agree with you.

Whichever approach you use, ensure you detail your arguments so that you audience can pay attention to the message you wish to communicate. Your audience is a mix of readers from different backgrounds and varying opinions.

Therefore, you must use significant evidence in a manner that moves the audience to agree with you. Exigence is a rising circumstance that pushes for the need for a real argument.

Although exigence is mostly only possible in real-time debates that happen in classrooms, your teacher may ask you to present it in the written form. In such a case, you may create your own exigence and use it throughout the writing.

Your premise must have a “because” statement to support your claim. If you intend to make longer arguments, ensure you introduce sufficient supporting statement.

Regardless of the information you provide, the premise should give your audience enough reasons to consider your argument’s thesis statement. In other words, the evidence you provide must be valid and logical enough to prove the validity of your claim.

If you think about it, your opponent’s argument will have some truth in it, so it makes sense to concede with these. However, exercise caution so that you don’t agree with points that serve to weaken your argument.

” question in an argument. Written to serve as a response to a hypothetical challenge, reasoning proves to your target reader that your claim is valid.

In the terms of structure, your argumentative essay must have a single thesis statement. However, the essay may have sub-claims proved by different reasons as long as they tie back to the thesis statement.

These objections are what we refer to as counterclaims.

Interestingly, these objections can help you to analyze your ideas, making it possible for you to review the strength and credibility of the evidence you provide.

Ideally, these elements will enable you to structure your essay well, so you can present your arguments in a way that easily convinces your audience of the validity of your claims and position.

Joey and Jill are in the store. They have enough money to buy something to eat, but they can’t decide between candy or fruit.

She says, ‘No way. I think we should buy fruit.

Who has the better argument. Who is more persuasive.

The type of argument that Jill and Joey are having is very shallow. They are just each stating their position.

What happens if they don’t. Well, they probably won’t ever resolve it and they’ll end up without candy or fruit.

Let’s look closer at how Jill and Joey can make their arguments stronger with reasons and evidence.

1 Writing the Argument Essay: Essentials of argument and persuasion MrWriting the Argument Essay: Essentials of argument and persuasion Mr. Donn, Neville HS English II.

method Use rhetoric to persuade Expressing Doubt: Subjunctive Mood Types of Evidence Logical Fallacies to Watch Out For Basic Requirements for This Task Mr. Donn, Neville High School, English II.

4 Argument Essay Below is a suggested structure, not a formulaArgument Essay Below is a suggested structure, not a formula. You should adapt depending the actual number of paragraphs in your writing.

Provides 5 Reasons with and fact-based evidence Paragraphs 2 & 3 establish the claim (focuses on clarifying the “pro” side or call to action) Paragraphs 4-6: Complicates the argument, saving most important arguments. Uses COUNTERCLAIM that comes near the conclusion.

6 -Uses rhetoric to establish claimsThe Counterclaim The counterclaim is the point in an argument where the lends credence–or gives credit–to the opposing viewpoint or addresses potential complications with the argument at hand. For complete example click here.

formula. COUNTER-CLAIM: -Lends credence -Uses rhetoric to establish claims.

EThe Counterclaim & the R.A.C.E. Method Remember, the counterargument is a fully developed paragraph, thus the basic method applies to this paragraph as well.

This, however, is not true. Students drink soda in the cafeteria all the time, and rarely is there a spill.

This would eliminate any stains if there was a spill. A final reason is that there could be a rule that all drinks had to have twist on or snap on lids.

Respond to argument claim, using rhetoric Answer question by asserting reason to dismiss counter Cite or paraphrase evidence for Connect back to purpose & conclude. 8 Use rhetoric to persuade your reader.

This, however, is not true. Students drink soda in the cafeteria all the time, and rarely is there a spill.

This would eliminate any stains if there was a spill. A final reason is that there could be a rule that all drinks had to have twist on or snap on lids.

Uses precise, well-placed phrases Uses inversion for sake of emphasis “rarely is there” Uses modal verbs (could, would, should) to suggest possibility Appeals to ethos. 9 Expressing Doubt: The Subjunctive MoodWhen addressing an opposing view and expressing doubt concerning that view, you will find it necessary to use the subjunctive mood.

Review the link below carefully for the correct way to phrase such sentences. The Subjunctive Mood.

Just a few from your list: Repetition for emphasis Parallel structure to delineate importance Anaphora, Antithesis, Aporia for essential claims that should catch the reader’s attention Vocabulary appropriate for opinions backed by fact and for the maintainence of an objective tone.

The “save the children” style argument can easily be overdone. Appeal to genuine pathos, not absurd or over-the-top, maudlin examples.

12 Logical Fallacies to Watch Out for. –Appeal to inappropriate authority: Arguments cannot be based strictly on religious or politically biased information.

You cannot argue logically that we must save the Tree Octopus because if we don’t then all the Tree Octopi will die out, and that would be a terrible, sad thing. WHY would it be tragic.

–False analogy: While analogies are an excellent rhetorical tool, make sure your analogies are accurate. Example: The private school down the street has better teachers and children get a better education because 100% of their seniors get into a college.

13 Basic Requirements for this Task-750 words minimum (NOT counting the Works Cited page), 1500 words maximum -MLA formatting (NO cover sheets, no title pages) on paper. Must include a Header on each page.

For an MLA style chart, click here -Works Cited page (the bibliography page). For explanation of formatting, click here.

-Minimum of 2 sources: One web, one print (may be EBSCO article), and one VALID source of your choice (no Wikis, Shmoop, Ask.com, or other general public forums). -Must turn in the following documents as part of the writing process: a.

Rough draft (handwritten) c. Second draft (typed, with handwritten revision) d.

Hard copies (printouts) of all sources used in the composition. Include only up to the first 3 pages of your sources–this include web sites.

Text component of visual aid should include a minimum of 250 words. For grading rubric on graphic organizer, click here.

To ocate all the documents you will need for this project, be sure to go to my web page and find the “UNIT 1 EXTENSION TASK RESOURCES” page that will soon be up. It will be located under the “Library and Research Resources” page.

However, if you don’t present this information in a standard outline, your argumentative essay will fall flat. Instructors insist that your argumentative writing should follow an appropriate structure for a good reason.

For you, it means you get a clear picture of how your arguments will unfold as you write. For your audience, it solidifies the presentation of information, making the essay not only easy but also interesting to read from the very beginning.

Even if they don’t, you should consider having one because it will help to enhance your writing process. Now that you know what a structure is and why it’s important, let’s have a look at the outline starting from top to bottom.

Again, you shouldn’t be jumping sections in this format. It’s structural and you should therefore follow it from top to bottom.

In general, your argumentative essay will be 5 paragraphs long. You’ll have to write an interesting introduction to introduce the topic and a conclusion to summarize your argument.

Below is how to write every section of your argumentative essay assignment.

You have a space for only 1 to 2 sentences. So make sure you write only the most important information.

Make the introduction as interesting to read as possible so that you can easily draw the attention of your reader in. If your subject requires that you argue about an issue or theory, for example, you should provide a brief explanation about it.

It’s in the body paragraphs of an argumentative essay that you lay the foundation that you’ll use to prove your argument.

Supporting evidence section must appear in your argumentative essay because it’s what proves whether your argument is strong enough for an audience to accept.

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action.

The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic. An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic.1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue.

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods.2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section:3. 1.

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate. ”.

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.”. 2.

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.”. Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.”.

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.”. 3.

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.”. Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste.

Conclusion:. Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.”.

By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.”. A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader.4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples:.

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process. Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay:.

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard.

Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family.

Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale.

Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking.

While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard.

Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth. The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words.

You might write an argumentative essay when: 1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.

There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion. 3.

You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic.

Structure: It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion. Tone: The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.

Structure: They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.

References. Paperpal is an AI writing assistant that help academics write better, faster with real-time suggestions for in-depth language and grammar correction.

Try it for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime, which unlocks unlimited access to premium features like academic translation, paraphrasing, contextual synonyms, consistency checks and more. It’s like always having a professional academic editor by your side.

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In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay.

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today.

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay.

Table of Contents. The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue.

A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions. Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”.

They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on. Alex asked,.

Some situations to write argumentative essays include: In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework.

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems. Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”. Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”.

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable.

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay: Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof.

Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like. Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay, which was read by Alex.

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,.

Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue.

Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays. Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay.

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure.

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him.

Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3.

Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion5. Revise and Edit 6.

Final Review. One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim.

Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints.

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1.

Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4.

Establish Your Credibility. The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1.

Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4.

Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7.

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2.

Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5.

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author’s argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Writing an argumentative essay is no easy feat. You need to make sure that your structure is perfect, and that all of those little nuances come together in harmony.

With so many details to keep track of, it’s easy to become overwhelmed when writing an argumentative essay. You might feel like giving up before you even start.

But don’t worry – there is a secret weapon to writing, an argumentative essay outline. In this blog, you will learn about the importance of an argumentative essay outline, and how to create one.

By the end, you’ll have all the tools you need to write a perfect argumentative essay outline.

Writing a simple argumentative essay outline is a good way to present your arguments in a clear, concise manner.

It gives you guidance when adding artistic touches or additional information.

The topic should be debatable and provide you with plenty of information to research and analyze. It should also be interesting and relevant to your own life so that the audience can relate to it.

Once you have an idea of what type of issue you’d like to discuss, do some research into the subject. Look for articles, books, and other sources that can provide you with information about both sides of the argument.

Start by writing out a basic outline structure, listing all main ideas and supporting details to be included. This structure should include an introduction, several paragraphs of supporting information, and a conclusion.

Once you have a basic outline structure in place, it’s time to map out your argument. Identify points that both sides of the argument can agree on.

To strengthen your argument, use facts and examples from the research you have gathered. Make sure to include a variety of sources such as books, articles, websites, and personal testimonies.

After you have completed the outline, review it to make sure all points are clear. Ensure there is evidence to support each argument.

By following these steps, you can create an effective argumentative essay outline that will help guide you through completing your essay.

They can serve as a great reference point to ensure that you are including all of the essential elements.

Argumentative Essay Outline PDF.

Get access to a fresh list of compelling argumentative essay topics by tapping the link now.

Some common types are discussed here:. A Rogerian argument focuses on finding a common ground between two opposing sides.

Here’s a Rogerian argumentative essay outline template for you:. I.

Background Information. B.

Thesis statement. II.

Summarize opposing views in a respectful manner. B.

Argument for Your Position. A.

Analyze the evidence and explain its importance. C.

Conclusion. A.

Offer a solution or call to action. A Toulmin argument looks at the various claims that are made and evaluate the evidence that supports them.

However, it allows for a greater range of perspectives.

Introduction. A.

Introduce the main argument of your essay. C.

Claim and Counterclaims. A.

Describe opposing claims and refute them with evidence. III.

Present your argument and evidence in support of it. B.

Offer a solution or call to action. IV.

Summarize the main points of the essay. C.

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A classical argument is a more traditional form of an argumentative essay. It focuses on presenting logical evidence to support your point of view in an effort to convince the audience.

Here’s a Classical Argumentative Essay Outline Template for you: I.

Present the issue. B.

Thesis statement. II.

State your claim and provide supporting evidence. B.

Refuting Opposing Arguments. A.

Conclusion. A.

Restate thesis statement. C.

To gain a better understanding of the different forms of Arguments, watch this video.

Examples are a great way to learn how to write an argumentative essay outline. By looking at examples, you can see the different elements expected in each section.

They will help you gain a better understanding of how to structure your own argumentative essay outline.

Feel free to use them as a reference when writing your own essay.

Argumentative Essay Outline Example pdf. Argumentative Essay Outline College.

Argumentative Essay Outline Sample. Are you looking for some persuasive essay structures focusing on significant topics.

Argumentative Essay Outline AP Lang. Argumentative Essay Outline AP Lang.

Vaccine Argumentative Essay Outline. Conclusion Argumentative Essay Outline.

Research Argumentative Essay Outline.

Check out the link and get more of what you need.

By following the steps outlined in this blog, you can create an effective argumentative essay outline. Additionally, use a template to help you get started and ensure that all of the essential elements are included.

Are you requiring specialist guidance. If so, we are here to assist.

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The last five weeks have been a whirlwind here between district third quarter benchmark testing and next steps into argumentative writing, the culminating activities of the front-loading skill work we did in February (see previous blog posts, please). I’d like to share our journey of reading, writing, and thinking with you by outlining the major learning activities and structures we’ve been working on for the last month.

Students were assigned one of the following topics and an assigned claim to argue: Some students elected to work independently, and some indicated a preferred partner to read and write with collaboratively.

Students also received a colored manila folder to store their work and supplies in. these stayed in the room to make sure students didn’t lose their work.

Students had approximately five class days of time (we had to jump in and out of our work around benchmark testing) to read articles and take notes on both sides of their assigned claim. Students could take one note per Post-It.

I incorporated these requirements to help students take notes in bite-sized nuggets. in addition, I knew we would need to use the Post-Its for notes because we would need to peel them off for the next phase of our learning journey.

On our fourth day of note taking, I built in time for students to meet in “think tanks” by topic. In these topic think tanks, students shared out their most important evidence and what they still needed to know.

Once we have completed our week of reading and note taking as well as topic think tank discussions, we began looking at our evidence and looking for patterns of information that could help us develop reasons. Students brainstormed possible reasons and chose their top two choices they felt they could argue best in their essays.

Once students completed this step, they received two plain pieces of 11×14 paper. Students were asked to replicate a chart template I provided students on each piece of 11×14 paper.

Students then pulled off the Post-It note evidence that aligned with each reason and focused on choosing notes they could use as textual evidence in their essay. This tactile activity generated tremendous conversation and critical thinking as some students realized they needed more notes.

It also served as a formative assessment for me through observation as I listened to students talk about their charts and conferenced with them as they had questions or got stuck.

Once students mapped their evidence to their reasons, they then completed their kernel essay, a learning structure we practiced in context in February and used on our district benchmark argumentative essays. Once I cleared/approved the kernel essay, students then composed their three-part introduction.

Once students completed their kernel essay, they drafted their three part-introduction and moved to drafting their paragraphs. For Paragraphs A and B, students received several resources to help them write high quality paragraphs.

Students had a total of seven class days to draft and work on their essays. in addition, they could work on the essay at home.

Our basic process was to draft a section and then to let me know the writer(s) was/were ready for feedback. As you can imagine, this was a pretty intense and hectic pace four periods a day with nonstop interaction and conferencing (hence, the lack of photos of this part of the learning journey.

We did most of our drafting in the 8th grade lab across the hall for me, and it is a great work space for middle schoolers. We did our final day of drafting in the classroom using our class set of Chromebooks as well as sets I borrowed from two other teachers.

Writing strong leads into the textual evidence and writing quality commentary that went beyond summary or paraphrasing were the two major challenges across all four sections of my classes. I saw varying growth, but I am hopeful that the work we’ve done will “stick” with students and give them the next starting point for development as writers moving up to high school.

as well as progress with personalized reading goals for independent/choice reading. Students have a Google Form to complete on their essay.

In the spirit of “less is more” with rubrics, I will focus on three key areas when evaluating the essays: One thing I already know for sure: my students have been challenged by these different learning experiences as readers, writers, and thinkers.

Many showed significant writing stamina and perseverance as they were asked to dig deep and revise many times, a new experience for many students. The sustained cognitive stamina so many students showed is also impressive, especially in these weeks nearing our spring break.

I invested a tremendous amount of instructional time into this unit, but I think it was well worth it since the writing standards for argumentative writing are important at this level in Georgia and become even more significant for them at the high school and then University of Georgia system level with their post-secondary English courses they will take.

What We Review. When you’re diving into a persuasive speech, article, or essay, there are two key things to look out for: the claim and the counterclaim.

It’s their main point or argument about a topic. On the flip side, the counterclaim is the opposite stance.

Getting a grip on both claims and counterclaims is super important. Why.

You’ll be able to spot what the writer is arguing for (the claim) and what arguments might go against it (the counterclaim). Plus, it’s a great skill for when you start making your own arguments in essays or discussions.

A claim is what the author or speaker is trying to convince you of, their main point or argument. But it’s not enough just to state a claim.

There are different types of claims, and knowing them can help you understand and make better arguments: No matter how strong a claim sounds, it must have a firm foundation.

The foundation of an effective claim is sufficient and relevant supporting evidence. Be sure to include the rebuttal of counterclaims with further supporting evidence.

But be careful – too much information can make your main point hard to see. And always be ready to address counterclaims with more evidence.

A counterclaim is an opposing argument that seeks to disprove or weaken another claim.

For example, if someone wanted to counter the “Fact Claim” above, “Lebron James’ I Promise School in Akron, OH provides an effective model for meeting students’ needs on educational, physical, emotional, and social levels,” they would use sufficient and relevant evidence to argue that “Lebron James’ I Promise School in Akron, OH does not provide an effective model for meeting students’ needs on educational, physical, emotional, and social levels.”.

It’s not always easy to listen to opinions that go against what you believe. But here’s the thing – understanding and considering these opposing perspectives can actually make your own argument stronger.

Plus, it teaches a valuable lesson: it’s totally okay to agree to disagree. Not everyone will see things the way you do, and that’s alright.

In school, you might practice making claims and counterclaims on topics that don’t seem super important to you. But as you grow and start forming your own strong opinions on different subjects, you’ll see how this skill really comes into play in the real world.

That’s just part of life. But here’s the key: to be a really good communicator, whether in your personal life or in the workplace, it’s important to know how to peacefully coexist with people who have different views.

It helps you express your own thoughts clearly while also being open to hearing what others have to say. This doesn’t mean you have to change your opinions, but being able to consider different perspectives can make you a more thoughtful and well-rounded thinker.

In addition to the recommended activities above, Albert provides a wide range of texts for students to analyze and interpret. For emerging readers, check out our Short Readings course, which uses short passages to reinforce fundamental reading skills.

It offers Lexile® leveled passages focused on a unifying essential question. This allows you to keep all students on the same page regardless of reading level.

For authentic practice, check out our Essential Readings in Literature course. This course provides an overview of the core texts that American students often read in English class.

With our easy-to-use interface and informative feedback, Albert.io is the perfect tool for reinforcing close reading skills and helping students develop a deeper understanding of the texts they encounter.

1 The Argumentative EssayShakespeare- Should he stay or should he go.

An argument is a discussion involving different points of view. it is a debate.

Those in favor and those against. For instance, Shakespeare- Should he stay or go.

3 What is an Argumentative Essay. The argumentative essay is a genre(type) of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic.

and establish a position on the topic in a brief manner. (Purdue University, 2014).

Background Information: where you talk about the issue in a general way. you basically present the issue.

5 Introduction: The Thesis/The ClaimWilliam Shakespeare was the author of numerous plays. One of his most famous was the tragic tale of Romeo & Juliet.

However, there is no happy ending for them as they both perish at their own hand. The audience is left to wonder who is responsible for this tragedy.

6 Body ParagraphS An argumentative essay will have as many body paragraphs as there are supporting reasons. The order that you stated your supporting reasons in your thesis/claim will be the order of your body paragraphs.

7 Body ParagraphS The Body Paragraph of an Argumentative Essay has three basic parts. 1.

the supporting reason restated. 2.

Commentary: An explanation of the details and topic sentence.

The first example of his irresponsibility was when he agreed to marry Romeo & Juliet without parental consent, “In one respect I’ll thy assistant be, …” (Act II, scene iii, line 97). He knows full well that the two families are enemies and would not approve of the marriage.

9 Counterclaim & RebuttalAn argumentative essay must contain a counterclaim and rebuttal. 1.

Rebuttal: Concluding statements in refutation (against) of the counter-argument. This is where you acknowledge the opposite position, but restate why your position is stronger.

10 Counterclaim & RebuttalSome will argue that Friar Lawrence is not the person to blame for the deaths of Romeo & Juliet. They will point to Lord Capulet and say had he listened to his daughter she would not have ended up in the tomb.

His counsel was irresponsible and as result both died.

Offer a call to action – what do you want your audience to do.

Had he simply refused to marry them without parental consent or ensured that Romeo received his message their deaths could have been prevented. Therefore, the Prince should hold him responsible and he be banished from Verona evermore.

13 Details (Textual Evidence)This is another very important aspect of your essay. You have to include evidence from your sources in each of your body paragraphs in order to prove your point and support your reasons.

According to author’s name, Based on source number one, The author stated, The author of the name of the passage supports the idea that, The first paragraph in source one mentions,.