In his penultimate sermon, delivered on March 31, 1968, at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke of our interconnectedness:

“Through our scientific and technological genius, we have made of this world a neighborhood and yet we have not had the ethical commitment to make of it a brotherhood. But somehow, and in some way, we have got to do this.

We are tied together in the single garment of destiny, caught in an inescapable network of mutuality. And whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly.

And you can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be. This is the way God’s universe is made.

The phrases “inescapable network of mutuality” and “single garment of destiny”, as well as the corresponding theme of interdependence, appeared many times in King’s writing and speeches. In his 1963 “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, which was written as a response to an open letter from a fellow clergyman criticizing his participation in civil rights demonstrations, King responded:

We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.”.

“The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.“.

“In the final analysis, the rich must not ignore the poor because both rich and poor are tied in a single garment of destiny. All life is interrelated, and all men are interdependent.

We are inevitably our brothers’ keeper because of the interrelated structure of reality.”. In his 1965 sermon, “Keep Moving From This Mountain”, King said:

we must be concerned about the poverty-stricken because our destinies are tied together. And somehow in the final analysis, as long as there is poverty in the world, nobody can be totally rich.

And what affects one directly affects all indirectly. For some strange reason, I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be.

And, in his 1967 book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community. , King wrote:

However much we may try to romanticize the slogan, there is no separate black path to power and fulfillment that does not intersect white paths, and there is no separate white path to power and fulfillment, short of social disaster, that does not share that power with black aspirations for freedom and human dignity.

Though environmental devastation was not a theme of Martin Luther King’s work, King has rightly been called “one of the great ‘ecological’ thinkers of the 20th century”, because of the centrality of the concept of interconnectedness to his thought. The concept of interconnectedness is also central to modern ecology.

Our very being is determined by our ecology, by the material and cultural environment which we share with all other living beings. We are immersed in a web of life which is our true community.

Take a look at a tree, for example. Physically you are connected to the tree by the reciprocal flow of gasses, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

as you breathe out, the tree breathes in. The water flowing through the tree may soon flow through your body.

This is true not only of our relationship to plants, but also animals, including other human beings. We are all part of the web of life, or what King called the “single garment of destiny” and an “inescapable network of mutuality”.

Underlying contemporary opposition to anti-racism advocacy is a metanarrative of individualism, which stands in contrast to the ecological concept of interconnectedness.

Racism is understood by them to be a characteristic of individuals and manifesting as individual expressions of racist beliefs, like a White person calling a Black person the N-word. And this is why so many White people respond to ant-racism advocacy by saying, “I’m not a racist.” But such responses really miss the point.

Michelle Alexander explains in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness: “As a society, our collective understanding of racism has been powerfully influenced by the shocking images of the Jim Crow era and the struggle for civil rights.

we think of water hoses, lynchings, racial epithets, and “whites only” signs. … “Our understanding of racism is therefore shaped by the most extreme expressions of individual bigotry, not by the way in which it functions naturally, almost invisibly (and sometimes with genuinely benign intent), when it is embedded in the structure of a social system.

Allow me to give you an example. I live in a predominately White community.

A few years ago, I learned that the schools in Gary were suffering from chronic heating shortages, and the school kids were forced to wear coats, hats, and gloves in class. That would never have happened in my kid’s school.

It is caused by a racist educational system, which systematically allocates fewer resources to communities of color, and it is perpetuated by a collective indifference of Whites to what happens to People of Color. And all of this happens without any explicit expression of racism by any individuals.

In light of this, White declarations of “I’m not a racist” ring hollow. The metanarrative of individualism can also be seen in another common response of Whites to anti-racism advocacy: tokenism.

Michelle Alexander explains, “[C]osmetic diversity, which focuses on providing opportunities to individual members of under-represented groups, both diminishes the possibility that unfair rules will be challenged and legitimates the entire system.”. It is not enough for Whites to proclaim our non-racism.

We live in a racist system. This is part of Martin Luther King meant when he said we are “caught in an inescapable network of mutuality” and “tied together in the single garment of destiny”.

We benefit from racist systems, while People of Color are disadvantaged. Whether or not we are guilty of individual acts of racism or implicit racial bias is almost beside the point.

If we’re not working to dismantle the structures which maintain racist systems, then we are helping to maintain those systems. If we are not part of the solution, then we are part of the problem.

1 Bell Work “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr. In your own words, what does this quote mean.

Do you agree with this. Why/not.

Why/not. What does the word “injustice” mean to you.

What does the word “injustice” mean to you. In your opinion, give at least one example of an injustice in society.

2 Discussion Has there ever been a time in your life when you felt that you were discriminated against. If so, what happened, and how did you react to this.

If so, what happened, and how did you react to this. Questions to go over with this: Questions to go over with this: How did you feel when this happened.

How did you handle the situation. How did you handle the situation.

Have you ever felt discriminated against in other ways.

4 What are “civil rights”.

Ferguson (1896) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case that said African-Americans should be “separate but equal”.

What does “separate but equal” really mean. What does “separate but equal” really mean.

Why/not. Is this a civil rights violation.

6 Jim Crow Laws States began to pass “Jim Crow” laws designed to segregate groups based along racial lines. States began to pass “Jim Crow” laws designed to segregate groups based along racial lines.

9 When David Isom broke the color line at his local St. Petersburg, Fla., public pool in 1958, officials closed the facility When David Isom broke the color line at his local St.

10 Challenging Segregation Brown v. Board of Education – 1954..Supreme Court case that ended segregation in schools.

Board of Education – 1954..Supreme Court case that ended segregation in schools. This officially overturns “Separate but Equal”.

11 Crisis in Little Rock. 12 Florida Jim Crow Laws Discussion Questions 1.

What do you think was the purpose or rationale for creating such a law. 3.

Also, be specific as to what civil rights were actually violated with each law. 4.

Throughout history, there have been many men and women who have been unjustly imprisoned. In the 17th century, Galileo Galilei was put under house arrest for contradicting the established teachings of the Catholic Church by supporting the idea that the earth revolved around the sun.

And then there is Gandhi, the leader of the Indian Independence Movement, who was imprisoned for standing up to British colonial rule.

Today he is remembered for his courage and perseverance in the face of injustice and racism. King was one of the most prominent leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement, which took place during the 1950s and 1960s.

This practice resulted in him being put in prison dozens of times.

In this lesson we want to examine one of his most famous quotes: ‘Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.’ It was in jail in Alabama that he wrote these famous words. Let’s dig deeper to learn more.

In a letter written while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama for protesting racial segregation in 1963, Rev. Dr.

said, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”. For sixty years, Dr.

King knew that humanity is intersectional. our identities and experiences are interconnected and interwoven.

In his letter, Dr. King went on to say, “we exist in an inescapable network of mutuality”.

we are all tethered to the same anchor of injustice. no one is free until we are all free.

King did not write about injustice to evoke despair. His writings inspired direct, collective action and broad, systemic change.

King knew that cutting the weeds of racism would not end segregation. Eliminating racism requires destroying the poisoned roots and filtering the soil.

Because fighting injustice anywhere is essential to restoring justice everywhere. While we’ve celebrated Martin Luther King Jr.

King fought against during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. Racism, colorism, anti-Blackness, race-motivated hate crimes, police brutality, voter suppression, mass incarceration, racial wage gaps, and bias are all fundamentally engrained into our culture and have yet to be rooted out.

That’s why the work of Black and Brown activists, Black-led nonprofit organizations, and allies working to combat racism and fight injustice in the spirit of Dr. King make us hopeful for a better future where Black Lives Matter and Black lives are celebrated, not only in death and more than once a year.

King’s teachings, revisionist history often forgets that Dr. King’s civil rights work was not popular in 1960s America.

Today, abolishing modern systems that perpetuate racism is similarly objectionable by those who benefit from racial privilege. Dr.

King was assassinated in a race-motivated murder in 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. While we celebrate the civil rights work of Dr.

But his work to end racism did not end in his death. it is carried out by civil rights activists following in the footsteps of Dr.

Our work forging a path of progress may be unpopular, but we will one day be on the right side of history. When we celebrate MLK Day, we are also saying ‘Black Lives Matter’.

When we celebrate MLK Day, we are also saying ‘end police brutality and mass incarceration’. Because all of our struggles are interwoven.

King through the spirit of public service means we must not only reflect on what Dr. King accomplished during the Civil Rights Movement, but actively continue his legacy into the future.

In the spirit of service and in recognition of the federal holiday, your nonprofit may choose to publicly honor Martin Luther King Jr. Day on January 16, 2023.

Friends, our work has just begun. This is just the tip of the iceberg.

Kelechi: The people. The people have been left behind.

You know that talking about justice is good for paparazzi and conversations, but then I think about the fact that we’re still having this conversation means something is wrong. The poor, the marginalized, the vulnerable, communities should feel that they’re getting justice in their countries right now — they should feel like they can confidently trust the system.

I feel like at my age whatever decisions are being made right now are going to either make [or break] my future. The Pathfinders for Justice fellowship for instance, involves young people talking about justice problems, advocating for justice issues.

We are also facing those problems. So having us involved in identifying problems and framing solutions has worked and is working well now.

We have estimated the global justice gap at 5.1 billion people, which is two-thirds of the world population who do not have meaningful access to justice. All these people are unable to stand up for their rights, resolve disputes peacefully, or access public services that they’re entitled to.

This can be women, children, people in situations of displacement, people with low literacy, ethnic minorities, and many other groups. On the plus side, there are people working for justice and fairness in every country in the world.

People-centered justice is urgent in every country in the world: The mismatch between what the justice sector provides and what people and society need is really a universal issue. Systems have become so complex and so difficult to access that they have become distant and unpredictable, which is the exact opposite of justice.

So I would say it’s investment in justice transformations, and financing, which really matters. And I think the next one will be political leadership and campaigning, which [builds] on bringing young people to the table.

We also need global moral leadership, leaders who are willing to stand up for justice and fairness and be serious about achieving this in their own country, regionally, and globally. Global goals can serve to rally and inspire national justice leaders from all sectors, to set shared national or local goals and to co-create strategies to achieve them.

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شركات بيع شدات معدنية اي جزء أساسي من الصناعة التي تخدم مجموعة متنوعة من القطاعات بما في ذلك البنية التحتية والبناء والتصنيع والزراعة وغيرها الكثير. تقوم هذه الشركات بتصنيع وتوزيع مجموعة متنوعة من الشدات المعدنية المصممة لتلبية احتياجات العملاء.

تعتبر الشدات المعدنية من أهم العناصر في البنية التحتية والهياكل المعدنية، حيث تساهم في تعزيز الاستدامة والأمان في مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات. إن شركات بيع الشدات المعدنية تلعب دورًا حيويًا في دعم التنمية والبنية التحتية في العديد من الصناعات، وتسهم في تحقيق الاستدامة والنجاح في مشاريع البناء والتصنيع.

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By Maxime Lagacé. Maxime is the founder of WisdomQuotes.

His goal. To help you develop a calm and peaceful mind.

You can kill the dreamer, but you can’t kill the dream. Martin Luther King Jr.

A man can’t ride your back unless it’s bent. Martin Luther King Jr.

Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.

When you are right you cannot be too radical. when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative.

True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice. Martin Luther King Jr.

The quality, not the longevity, of one’s life is what is important Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr (Related: I am a dream speech transcript here).

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

it is something you make. Martin Luther King Jr.

I want to be the white man’s brother, not his brother-in-law. Martin Luther King Jr.

Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness. Martin Luther King Jr.

Quick facts Name at birth: Michael King Jr Place: Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968 (aged 39) Occupation: Baptist minister, activist Known for: Civil rights movement, Peace movement More Martin Luther King Jr facts (Wikipedia page).

The time is always right to do what is right. Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.

If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward. Keep feeling the need for being first.

I want you to be the first in moral excellence. I want you to be the first in generosity.

Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. I am not interested in power for power’s sake, but I’m interested in power that is moral, that is right and that is good.

Human salvation lies in the hands of the creatively maladjusted. The moral arc of the universe bends at the elbow of justice.

A man should do his job so well that the living, the dead, and the unborn could do it no better. We are now faced with the fact that tomorrow is today.

Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity. Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor.

If physical death is the price that I must pay to free my white brothers and sisters from a permanent death of the spirit, then nothing can be more redemptive. Whatever career you may choose for yourself – doctor, lawyer, teacher – let me propose an avocation to be pursued along with it.

Civilization and violence are antithetical concepts. We spend 322 000$ for each enemy we kill in Vietnam, while we spend in the so-called “war on poverty” in America only about 53$ for each person classified as poor.

’ Expediency asks the question, ‘Is it politic. ’ Vanity asks the question, ‘Is it popular.

’ And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular but one must take it because one’s conscience tells one that it is right. There is no deficit in human resources.

Related: 130 Inspirational Quotes For Men. Go to table of contents.

brothers or perish together as fools. Martin Luther King Jr.

If I cannot do great things, I can do small things in a great way. A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of consensus.

Perhaps the worst sin in life is knowing right and not doing it. Free at last, free at last.

Hate begets hate. violence begets violence.

We must meet the forces of hate with the power of love.

Take the first step in faith. You don’t have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step.

We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. I have decided to stick with love.

Life’s most persistent and urgent question is, ‘What are you doing for others. ’.

Go to table of contents. One-liners, short MLK quotes, sayings, thoughts, and captions for your bio, social status, self-talk, motto, mantra, signs, posters, wallpapers, and backgrounds.

No person has the right to rain on your dreams. Find a voice in a whisper.

Seeing is not always believing. Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever.

Be the peace you wish to see in the world. Without justice, there can be no peace.

Lightning makes no sound until it strikes. Music is the best consolation for a despaired man.

Go to table of contents. We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same boat now.

The hope of a secure and livable world lies with disciplined nonconformists who are dedicated to justice, peace and brotherhood. An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity.

I look forward confidently to the day when all who work for a living will be one with no thought to their separateness as Negroes, Jews, Italians or any other distinctions. Part 2.

Part 3. A dream of equality of opportunity, of privilege and property widely distributed.

Part 4. A dream of a land where men will not argue that the color of a man’s skin determines the content of his character.

Part 5. A dream of a nation where all our gifts and resources are held not for ourselves alone, but as instruments of service for the rest of humanity.

Related: 5 Life Lessons From Dr. Martin Luther King (fastweb.com).

I decided to follow the latter course. I just want to do God’s will.

And I’ve looked over, and I’ve seen the promised land. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the promised land.

One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Pity may represent little more than the impersonal concern which prompts the mailing of a check, but true sympathy is the personal concern which demands the giving of one’s soul.

Part 1. I subject myself to self-purification and to endless self-analysis.

Part 2. But whatever my doubts, however heavy the burden, I feel that I must accept the task of helping to make this nation and this world a better place to live in – for all men, black and white alike.

Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable… Every step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle. the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals.

If you’ve been tasked with improving the impact of your organization’s messages, one of the best teachers you can follow is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

There’s no question that King was one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century and a brilliant orator. What I hadn’t previously given thought to, though, was his attention to craft.

On a recent trip to Washington, D.C. I found myself wandering alone on a cold and rainy night through the Martin Luther King, Jr.

I had just finished reading Mark Forsyth’s The Elements of Eloquence. And it hit me: almost every technique I had learned from Forsyth had been perfectly demonstrated in King’s speeches and writing.

(In fact, in that sentence alone, I used three of them: alliteration with “quick and quirky,” assonance with “classical rhetorical,” and metaphor with “cement great ideas.”) The book is a great primer on the tools of the communication trade that have been used by famous writers from Shakespeare to Beyoncé.

Definition: Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound. Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound.

King uses alliteration in one of his most famous lines, “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”. He uses assonance in his address to the National Press Club in 1962: “The law may not change the heart, but it can restrain the heartless.”.

Don’t pollute.” and American Heart Association’s “Learn and Live.” stay in our brains.

Not X, but Y. Use this technique to highlight your vision over the status quo.

The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. It’s the same strategy we employed in developing this message for one of our clients, a foundation that takes a pragmatic, long-term approach to investing in addressing regional economic disparities: We can’t make everything right overnight, but we can make things better over time.

Antithesis contrasts two ideas and shows your vision to be the more powerful of the two. Definition: Allusion is a passing reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of common significance.

In his I Have a Dream speech, King alludes to the Declaration of Independence without explicitly citing it. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.

Definition: Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. You can use the technique in your messaging to build energy, excitement, and interest.

(Bonus points if you also note the places where he uses alliteration, assonance, and metaphor.). Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.

Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children.

This is another technique you can use to build energy and reinforce meaning. At the conclusion of his I Have a Dream speech, King alludes to a well-known spiritual that is built on the technique of diacope.

Free at last. Free at last.

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.

Definition: Closely related to antithesis, juxtaposition is a flip-flopping of words and ideas. King uses this technique twice in Letter from Birmingham Jail (while also employing metaphor in between.).

We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied to a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.

You can see how he juxtaposes injustice and justice, anywhere and everywhere, one and all, and directly with indirectly. It’s a technique that is easy to incorporate into your own writing.

Today’s students need to be taught how to think, not what to think.

Definition: The intentional use of a double negative is a litote. It’s a technique that you can use to affirm something as true in an understated, quiet way.

King uses this tool in his I Have a Dream speech. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations.

For example: We will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.

Where many nonprofits fall back on complex jargon and technical language, you may find instead that you can gain much greater comprehension and appreciation for your cause through the use of metaphor. Compare, for example, the language the Center for Economic and Social Justice uses to define the concept of social justice.

Social justice is the virtue which guides us in creating those organized human interactions we call institutions. In turn, social institutions, when justly organized, provide us with access to what is good for the person, both individually and in our associations with others.

Compare this with Dr. King’s use of metaphor to explain social justice in his I Have a Dream Speech.

Which inspires action.

Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.”. Note: I’m not trying to fault CESJ.

My point is that in broad communications, metaphor can help you reach those who may not otherwise understand or connect with your work. Definition: Sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure employ parallelism.

We will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together…. We employed this technique to develop this message for one of our clients:

Put it all together, and you may have one of Dr. King’s most brilliantly crafted phrases.

Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that.

In 20 words, King has employed diacope, antithesis, metaphor, and juxtaposition. It’s brilliant.

Great messages aren’t happenstance. they are the product of careful craft.

I looked at dozens of sites as I crafted this blog post. Here are a few that were particularly helpful to me.

1 While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities “unwise and untimely.” Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work.

What is the author’s purpose of writing this letter. Why.

2 I think I should indicate why I am here in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the view, which argues against “outsiders coming in.” I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.

Frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates. Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such were deemed necessary.

So I, along with several members of my staff, am here because I was invited here. I am here because I have organizational ties here.

What do you think is the significance of MLK including this in his letter.

Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their “thus saith the Lord” far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town.

Why would MLK make a Bible reference. What is the significance of it.

4 Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham.

We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.

Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds. What does “mutuality” mean in relation the the Civil Rights Movement.

5 You deplore the demonstrations taking place in BirminghamYou deplore the demonstrations taking place in Birmingham. But your statement, I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations.

It is unfortunate that demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortunate that the city’s white power structure left the Negro community with no alternative. What is the main idea of this paragraph.

6 In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist. negotiation.

and direct action. We have gone through all these steps in Birmingham.

Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known.

There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case.

But the latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation. Why has the non- violent campaign been unsuccessful in Birmingham.

7 You may well ask: “Why direct action. Why sit ins, marches and so forth.

” You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action.

It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored. My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may sound rather shocking.

So must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood What is the author’s case for non- violent action. How can we apply this reasoning to situations today.

8 We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jet like speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.

when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters. when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society.

when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: “Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean. “.

when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading “white” and “colored”. when your first name becomes “nigger,” your middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name becomes “John,” and your wife and mother are never given the respected title “Mrs.”.

when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of “nobodiness”–then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair.

You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern.

One may well ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others. ” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust.

One has not only a legal but also a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.

Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.”. 9 We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was “legal” and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was “illegal.” It was “illegal” to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler’s Germany.

If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country’s antireligious laws. What is the significance of MLK referencing Hitler in this paragraph.